Pembangunan akhlak menurut karya ulama silam: tumpuan terhadap Al-Risāla Al-Qushayriyya
Development of akhlak in writings of the ancient scholar: a focus on Al-Risāla Al-Qushayriyya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v6i1.147Keywords:
Al-Risāla al-Qushayriyya, Moral Development, The Principles of Tasawuf, Purification of the Soul, Adolescent EducationAbstract
Morality is one of the main foundations of Islam. One of the purposes of the Prophet (pbuh)’s message is to perfect morals, other than calling people to worship Allah. This study aims to introduce Imam al-Qushayriyy as a Sufi figure and explain the principle of moral development according to him based on his work entitled al-Risāla. Al-Qushayriyy’s prowess in the field of Sufism is indisputable, especially his contribution to proving the consistency of Sufi teachings with the basic principles of sharia. His work, al- Risālah is a masterpiece and a benchmark for mystics towards the formation of morality. The results of the study show that al-Qushayriyy emphasises the aspect of purification of the soul (tazkiyyat al-nafs) in the construction of morality. Among the methods of purification of the heart that are mentioned are repentance, striving (mujāhada), retreat (khalwa), seclusion (‘uzla), scrupulousness (wara‘), renunciation (zuhd), silence, hunger, abandonment of [carnal] desire (shahwah), and remembrance. While the moral aspects that he highlighted are patience, humility, moral character, munificence (jud), generosity, companionship, and protecting the hearts of Sufi masters. These principles are explained by al-Qushayriyy based on the Quranic verses, hadith, and quotations from the companions and scholars. Based on the principles presented, it is understood that the formation of morality has a direct relationship with the purification of the soul and is further strengthened with the guidance of Sufi masters or teachers.
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